动词ing形式规律总结
英语的动词ing形式是怎样变化的?帮大家总结了一些:
动词-ing形式小结动词-ing形式概述v.-ing 形式包括传统语法的现在分词和动名词两局部,像动词不定式一样,它既具有动词时态和语态的特征,又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。
动词-ing形式的时态、语态主动语态被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 否认式 not writing v.-ing形式的一般式V.-ing形式的一般式的构成,表示动作发生在谓语动词动作的同时、之前或之后。
用来泛指动作,没有时间的区分。
Seeking after knowledge is hu n nature. 求知是人的本性。
Travelling abroad can widen one’s outlook. 出guo旅游会扩大人们的视野。
Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth. 吃太多的巧克力对你的.牙齿有害。
My favourite sport is playing table tennis. 我最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。
行为与主要动作同时发生,表示伴随。
The students came into the classroom laughing and talking. 学生们又说又笑地走进了教室。
As she saw me,she came over iling. 她看到我时,笑容可掬地走过来。
Doing the washing up,Connie was planning her holiday. 康妮在洗碗的时刻盘算着怎样度假。
行为在主要动作之前或之后。
Antonio remembered sending his mother an e il three times last month. 安东尼记得上个月给他母亲发了三次 .(在前) Mr. Lee went out shutting the door behind him. 李先生出去后将门随手关上。
(在后) v.-ing形式的完成式v.-ing形式的完成式由“having + v.-ed 形式”构成,表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having finished his homework,he went to bed. 做完了作业,他去睡觉了。
(先“做作业”,后“去睡觉”) He doesn’t remember having promised me that. 他忘记了曾经容许过我那件事。
She regretted having missed the film. 她很懊悔没看这部电影。
I remember having heard you speak on that subject. 我记得曾经听见你谈过这个问题。
I could not recall having heard anyone say that before。
我不记得以前听过谁说这样的话。
1.英语动词加-ing,通常是在原形词尾直接加-ing构成:talk—talking, cook—cooking,draw—drawing,read—reading,answer—answering,listen—listening,clean—cleaning,climb—climbing,stand—standing,
fight—fighting,cough—coughing
2.以-e结尾的动词
(1)如果动词原形以一辅音加一不发音的-e结尾,一般应去掉e再加ing:
write—writing,hope—hoping,care—caring,stare—staring,plane—plan-ing,have—having,save—saving, produ —producing, breathe—breathing
(2)以-ie结尾的动词应先将e去掉,将i变成y然后再加-ing:
—dying,tie—tying,vie—vying,lie—lying
(3)以-ee,-oe,-ye结尾的动词加-ing时应保存词尾e:
see—seeing,flee—fleeing,free—freeing,agree—agreeing,hoe—hoeing, dye—dyeing,eye—eyeing
(4)以-ue结尾的动词大多应先去e再加-ing:
worshipping sue—suing,imbue—imbuing,construe—construing,pursue—pursuing,
rue—ruing
有时,词尾e可去掉也可保存:
glue—gluing或 glueing,cue—cuing或 cueing, blue—blueing或 bluing,true—truing或trueing,clue—clueing或cluing
3.以一元音加一辅音结尾的动词
(1)如果动词最后一音节为重读闭音节,最后一个字母需要重复:
run—running, stop—stopping, hop—hopping, plan—planning,star—starring, control—controlling但辅音x是个例外,无需重复(x其实起着两个辅音的作用):
tax—taxing,relax—relaxing
(2)如果动词最后一个音节为次重读音节,最后一个字母有时也重复:
kidnap—kadnapping或kidnaping,program—programming或programing
(3)如果动词最后一个音节为非重读音节,最后一个字母大多无需重复:
open—opening,offer—offering,audit—auditing但在有些动词中,重复或不重复均可:
worship—worshiping或 worshipping,focus—focusing或 focussing,can l—can ling或can lling,travel—traveling或travelling
以非重读的-el结尾的动词加-ing时,英国英语习惯于重复词尾l,而美国英语那么习惯于不重复1。
4.假设动词以一元音加一半元音(y或w)结尾,可直接加-ing:
pay—paying, throw—throwing,follow—following, draw—drawing, em-ploy—employing
5.以-ic结尾的动词应先在字母c后加一字母k再加-ing:
frolic—frolicking,panic—panicking,mimic—mimicking,piic—piicking,traffic—trafficking
这主要是为在动词后加-ing之后保存/k/这个音。
假设不在字母c后加字母k而直接加-ing,字母 c的发音就不再是/k/,而是/s/:
其实,保持发音不变是英语中的一条一般规那么。
再如,在-ing前面无论是增加、保存还是去掉一个字母,都倾向于保存原先的长元音或短元音的发音:hoping与hopping staring与starring playing与planning
动词ing形式变化规那么:
1.一般变化: think---thinking sleep---sleeping
study---studying speak---speaking
carry---carrying say---saying
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