不可数名词集体名词不规则名词单复数
【不可数名词】
不可数名词复数形式的特殊含义
英语中的专有名词、物质名词和抽象名词一般为不可数名词,但有时它们却可用作复数形式。此时它们往往又有了新的含义。本文将就此类现象进行分类探讨。
一、专有名词的复救形式的含义
1.表示一家人或夫妻。例如:
享受快乐Are the Smiths coming to our party tomorrow night?
史密斯一家明晚会来参加我们的聚会吗?等待的近义词是什么
2.表示同名或同姓的若干人。例如:
There are two Marys and three Roberts in his class.
他班上有两个玛丽和三个罗伯特。Did the Mr. Blakes come this morning?
那几位布莱克先生今天上午来了吗?
二、物质名词的复数形式的含义
1.表示不同的种类,如food,wine,metal, wheat,rice等。例如:
The wines of France are among the best in the world.
法国的葡萄酒是世界上最好的,
First of all,he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden。
首先他列出了一长串禁用的食品。
2.表示量很大,远远超过该词原来表示的程度或次数。这一类词常见的有:sands(沙滩,沙漠),waters(水域),rains(大阵雨、雨季),winds(大风),times(时代),
woods(森林),ruins(废墟),rags(碎片、破衣服),ashes(灰烬、骨灰)。例如:
The rising waters did a lot of harm to the crops.
上涨的河水给庄稼造成了很大的损害。
These caves collapse easily in heavy rains.
下大雨时这些洞穴容易倒塌。
The children are playing on the sands.
孩子们在沙滩上玩。
3.某些表示饮料名称的物质名词往往以复数形式代替单位词。这类词有coffees,teas等。例如:
The waitress has served twenty teas since four o’clock.
从四点起,这位女服务员已上了二十份午茶。
Send two coffees and three lemonades to the room.
请将两杯咖啡和三杯柠檬汁送到这个房间。
有趣的汉字手抄报图片4.某些物质名词又是个体名词,它们的复数形式表示与原来个体完全不同的东西。这类词有glasses(眼镜、玻璃杯),irons(熨斗),coppers(铜币),papers(文章,证件)等。例如:
She is always wearing glasses.
9英语怎么写她总是戴着眼镜。
He wrote many papers for the newspaper.
他为这份报纸写过许多文章。
三、抽象名词的复效形式的含义
1.congratulations,regards,respects,thanks,wishes,apologies等复数形式用来
表示祝愿、礼貌和客气。例如:
It’s your birthday today.Congratulations!
今天是你的生日,恭喜你!
You’ve given me so much help.Thanks a lot.
你给了我很多帮助,非常感谢。
2.smiles,pities,fears,hopes,kindnesses复数形式表示强调。例如:
什么匆匆He was all smiles.
他满脸笑容。
It is a thousand pities.
非常遗憾。
I have received many kindnesses from him.
他对我非常好。
Great fears are felt for the safety of the missing climbers.
人们对失踪的登山者的安全权为担忧。
3.抽象名词具体化。有些抽象名词的复数形式表示具体的事物,如cares(烦人的事),anxieties(令人着急的事),worries(使人发愁的事),difficulties(难题),joys(使人高兴的事),failures(失败的事,失败的人),friendships(表示友谊的事例)等。例如:
After listening to his advice,she had no more anxieties.
听了他的建议,她不再有发愁的事了。
His friendships never last very long.
他与别人的交情从来都不长久。
After many failures,they finally succeeded.
经过多次失败之后,他们最后成功了。
4.某些抽象名词在某种场合是个体名词,它们的复数形式表示与该个体名词不同的意义,如youths(男青年、小伙子),relations(亲属),beauties(美人),
necessities(必需品)等。例如:
Twenty youths attended the meeting yesterday.
二十个男青年出席了昨天的会议。
All his poor relations came to spend their holidays at his home.
他所有的穷亲戚都在他家过节。
1、最常见的不可数名词有:advice, baggage, change(零钱), furniture, hair, homework, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, progress, traffic
2、其它不可数名词还有:absence, age, anger, courage, energy, equipment, experience,
failure, fear, food, fun, health, ice, industry, kindness, labour, luck, marriage, music, nature, paper, peace, pleasure, power, pride, rain, research, respect, safety, salt, sand, silence, sleep, strength, snow, technology, time, trade, transport, travel, trust, truth, waste, water, wealth, weather, wind, work(工作)
【集合名词】
有些集合名词:
ommittee,council,crew(全体人员,组),crowd(众),family,gang,government,group,mob(暴民),staff (职工),team, union等,在意义上是复数,但在语法形式上是单数,这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循“语法一致”或“意义一致”原则。例如:
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
A council of elders governs the tribe.
The present government is trying to control inflation.
The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.
(一)通常作复数的集体名词
包括police,people, cattle, militia(民兵), vermin(害虫,寄生虫)等,这些集体名词通常用作复数。
例如:
The British police have only very limited powers.
The militia were called out to guard the borderland.
It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes were the only living creatures in these desolate surroundings.
(二)通常作不可数名词的集体名词
通常作不可数名词的集体名词,包括poultry(家禽), foliage(植物,树叶),machinery(机械,机器), equipment,furniture,
Merchandise(商品,货物)等,这类名词后的动词用单数形式。
例如:
Poultry is expensive at this time of year.
That green foliage was restful.
The merchandise has arrived undamaged.
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
The suite of furniture he bought was of contemporary style.
The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive.
(三)可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
可作单数也可作复数的集体名词,包括audience, committee, crew, family, government,jury等。
例如:
The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
The jury is/are about to announce the winners.
The government has/have discussed the matter for a long time.
【不规则名词】
名词复数的不规则变化
1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。
2)单复同形如:deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
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