【英语语法】高中英语必备八大时态，开学必看
一、一般现在时
2. 时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month ...), once a week (day, year, month ...), on Sundays (Mondays ...), etc.
4. 否定形式：主语+am/is/are+not+其他；主语+doesn’t/don’t+动词原形+其他。
5. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+其他；Does/Do+主语+动词原形+其他。
eg:
(1) Action speaks louder than words.
事实胜于雄辩。
(2) This pub doesn’t provide lunches.
这家酒馆不供应午餐。
(3) Is your jacket real leather?
你的夹克是真皮的吗？
二、一般过去时
2. 时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year, night, month ...), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3. 基本结构：主语+动词的过去式或be动词的过去式+其他
4. 否定形式：主语+was/were+not+其他；主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他
5. 一般疑问句：Was/were+主语+其他；Did+主语+动词原形+其他
eg:
(1) She often came to help us in those days.
那些天她经常来帮助我们。
(2) I didn’t know you were so busy.
我不知道你这么忙。
(3) Did you see him yesterday?
你昨天看见他了吗？
三、一般将来时
1. 概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2. 时间状语：tomorrow, next day (week, month, year ...), soon, in a few minutes, by ..., the day after tomorrow, etc.
3. 基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to+do+其他；主语+will/shall+do+其他
4. 否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to+do；主语+will/shall not do+其他
5. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+going to+do；Will/Shall+主语+not do+其他
eg:
(1) They are going to have a competition with us in studies.
他们将在学习中与我们竞争。
(2) I will not catch fish in this pond tomorrow.
我明天不会在这个池塘里抓鱼。
(3) Will you join us later?
你一会儿会加入我们吗？
四、过去将来时
1. 概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2. 时间状语：The next day (morning, year ...), the following month (week ...), etc.
3. 基本结构：主语+was/were+going to+do+其他；主语+would/should+do+其他
4. 否定形式：主语+was/were+not+going to+do+其他；主语+would/should+not+do+其他
5. 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+going to+do+其他；Would/Should+主语+do+其他
eg:
(1) He said he would go to Beijing the next day.
他说他第二天要去北京。
(2) He said he would not go to the party the next day.
他说他第二天不去参加聚会了。
(3) Would he plan to go to the party?
那时他是打算去参加聚会吗？
五、现在进行时
1. 概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2. 时间状语：Now, at this time, these days, look, listen, etc.
3. 基本结构：主语+am/is/are+doing+其他
4. 否定形式：主语+am/is/are+not+doing+其他
5. 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+主语+doing+其他
eg:
(1) Tom is writing a novel these days.
汤姆这些天在写一本小说。
(2) Tom is not writing his novel now.
汤姆现在没写小说。
(3) 但是你没有Are you feeling good today?
你今天感觉好吗？
六、过去进行时
1. 概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2. 时间状语：at this time, yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语从句等。
3. 基本结构：主语+was/were+doing+其他
4. 否定形式：主语+was/were+not+doing+其他
5. 一般疑问句：Was/Were+主语+doing+其他
eg:
(1) When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.
他进来时，我正在读报纸。
(2) At that time she was not working in this company.
那段时间她不是在这家公司工作。
(3) Was she working in this company at that time.
那段时间她是在这家公司工作吗？
七、现在完成时
1. 概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2. 时间状语：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点, for+时间段, recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3. 基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
4. 否定形式：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
5. 一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
eg:
(1) I’ve read so many books since last year.
自从去年以来我读了很多书。
(2) The countryside has not changed a lot in the past few years.
在过去的几年，这个农村没发生什么变化。
(3) Have you finished your homework?
你做完作业了吗？
八、过去完成时
1. 概念：过去发生或者已经完成的动作对过去造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到过去某一时间的动作或状态。
2. 时间状语：before+过去时间点, by+过去时间点, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.
3. 基本结构：主语+had+done+其他
4. 否定形式：主语+had+not+done+其他
5. 一般疑问句：Had+主语+done+其他
6. 用法：
(1) 过去完成时用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
她告诉我她从来没有去过巴黎。
(2) 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。
(3) 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本……，未能……”。
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。
(4) 以下结构中常用过去完成时
I had hardly opened the door when she rushed in.
我刚打开门，她就冲进来了。
（注意：had hardly ... 刚……，就……）
He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.
他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。
（注意：had no sooner ... than 刚……，就……）
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