题型一 过去完成时的用法
【解题技巧提炼】
一、过去完成时态的基本结构
肯定句: 主语 + had + 过去分词 + 其他.
否定句: 主语 + had + not + 过去分词 + 其他.
一般疑问句: Had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词或词组 + 一般疑问句(had + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他)?
但是你没有I had discovered that there was nothing more appealing to me than reading books.
我发现没有什么比读书更吸引我了。
John felt rather blue because he had not done as well on his final exams as he had expected to.
约翰很难过, 因为他的期末考未如他所预期的那么好。
I heard you began collecting stamps in February. How many stamps had you collected by the end of last year?
我听说你从2月份开始集邮。到去年底已收集到多少了?
二、过去完成时态的基本用法
By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship. 到昨晚9点钟, 我们已经收到200 张宇宙飞船发来的图片。
2. 表示由过去的某一时刻开始, 一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态, 常和for, since构成的
时间状语连用。
I had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当车来的时候, 我在车站已经等了20分钟。
3. 叙述过去发生的事情, 在已叙述了过去发生的事情后, 反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时, 常使用过去完成时。
Mr Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好朋友。
4. 在含有定语从句的主从复合句中, 如果叙述的是过去的事, 先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
I returned the book that I had borrowed. 我已归还了我借的书。
5. 过去完成时常常用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中, 这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
He said that he had known her well. 他说他很了解她。
6. 过去完成时用在状语从句中: 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中, 发生在前, 用过去完成时; 发生在后, 用一般过去时。如when, before, after, as soon as, till/until引导的从句。
When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。
7. 动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。
They had wanted to help but could not get there in time. 他们本来打算去帮忙, 但没有及时赶到那里。
8. 过去完成时还可用在hardly. . . when. . . , no sooner. . . than. . . , It was the first (second, etc) time (that). . . 等固定句型中。
Hardly had he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him. 他刚开始演讲, 听众就打断了他。
三、过去完成时用于虚拟语气
1.过去完成时的这一用法, 常见于以if only等引导的感叹句:
If only we had listened to their advice! 我们要是听了他们的意见就好了!
If only you had worked with greater care! 你要是更仔细一些该多好!
Would that we had seen her before she died. 要是在她去世之前我们能见她一面该有多好。
2.过去完成时的这一用法还见于构成虚拟语气的条件从句和I wish. . . (我希望……), I’d rather. . . (我宁愿……)后的that从句:
I’d rather you hadn’t been present. 我宁愿你当时不在场。
题型二 过去进行时与过去完成时的被动语态
【解题技巧提炼】
语态是动词的一种形式, 表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系, 分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者, 被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所
表示的动作的承受者。被动语态的基本形式为“助动词be+done”, 其中助动词be随着人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化, 后面常用by引出动作的执行者。
We couldn’t use the computer. It was being repaired. 我们不能使用那台电脑, 它正在被维修。
When the boss got to the office, all the work had been finished. 老板到达办公室时, 所有的工作都完成了。
一、过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态
1. 过去进行时的被动语态
(1)过去进行时的被动语态表示过去某一特定时间某事正在被做。
Unfortunately, my classmates and I went to the Art Museum last Monday, only to be told that it was being decorated. 不幸的是, 我和我的同学上周一去了艺术博物馆, 却被告知它正在被装修。
(2)过去进行时的被动语态构成形式为was/were being done。
The stone under her feet rolled, and as she was being pulled into the river, she called out for help. 她脚下的石头滚动着, 当她正被拖进河里时, 她大声呼救。
2. 过去完成时的被动语态
(1)过去完成时的被动语态表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。
Johnson risked his life saving his daughter who had been trapped in the mountain for two days. Johnson冒着生命危险挽救了他被困在山里两天的女儿。
(2)过去完成时的被动语态构成形式为had been done。
Lisa had to have her car repaired in a garage because it had been damaged seriously . 丽莎的车损坏得很严重, 她必须把车送到修车厂修理。
题型一 过去完成时的用法
I. 单句语法填空
1. His newly written novel ____________ (translate)into English by the end of last month.
2. I ____________ (plan)to take a French course last summer, but I changed the plan later.
3. It is the first time that we ____________ (talk)about this issue face to face.
4. It was the tenth time that the Chinese women’s volleyball team ____________ (claim)the world championship.
5. She found that the house in the area ____________ (destroy)by the storm.
6. They ____________ (plant)six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
7. The band ____________ (go)on tour to promote their new album.
8. It ____________ (rain)heavily in the last few days and mountain torrents may become a danger at any moment. We must be prepared.
9. Silk ____________ (become)one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
II. 完成句子
1. ___________________________ the New Coastal Area of Tianjin and was so impressed by its fast development.
这是他第一次参观天津滨海新区, 天津的快速发展给他留下了深刻印象。
2. She told me ___________________________ since she came to this school.
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