摘要
散文批评与研究历来是文类批评中最薄弱的环节，繁荣的现代散文创作背后是散文理论与批评的滞后甚至缺失。郑明娳敏锐洞察台湾现代散文创作与散文理论发展极不平衡的现状，经过多年潜心研究，笔耕不辍，吸收中国古代文论与现代西方文论的研究方法，对现代散文进行了全面、深入、系统的阐释，其中不乏许多理论思想上的创新之处。
郑明娳现代散文源流论，在综合前人观点的基础上，创造性的提出中国传统通俗文学特别是传统白话小说对现代散文影响颇深的观点。她认为传统白话小说为现代散文创作提供了白话语言典范、自由的文学精神典范和丰富多样的题材典范。同时，在现代散文源流论问题上，郑明娳对传统的“西方影响论”提出质疑，进一步肯定了中国传统文学和传统文论对现代散文本质上的孕育与推动作用。
郑明娳现代散文构成论是其现代散文理论中最具创新性的研究。其构成论研究结合中国诗学中的意象论与西方结构主义文论，立足散文文本，发掘现代散文的诗性美，肯定现代散文的文学性。郑明娳现代散文构成论的另一个突出贡献在于对传统“散文漫无结构”观点的挑战。她将小说叙事学的理论运用于对现代散文叙事结构的分析，通过与小说叙事结构的比较研究进一步指出散文叙事结构的特点。
郑明娳对现代散文思潮的研究，是郑明娳敏锐洞察当代台湾80年代散文思想艺术变迁的宏观成果。她指出20世纪80年代，台湾文坛消费性格形成，同时，80年代台湾散文呈现出多元的意识形态。她反对一元
政治权威对话语权的控制，提倡散文呈现出多元意识形态，并且她追求建立跳出传统理论干扰的散文理论，其思想带有鲜明的现代性特征。
郑明娳对现代散文理论的建构以中国古典诗学为基石，综合中西方现代散文理论进行阐发。她将中国古典诗学中的意象论引入现代散文研究，创造了“散文的诗学”，并且汲取晚明公安三袁“性灵论”的营养，提倡现代散文应“求真”，以“有我为张本”；“求变”，提倡散文创作不断创新，体现多元意识形态。郑明娳运用西方结构主义文论的研究方法，注重对散文文学性的体认与探讨，肯定了散文文本独特的“散文性”。
关键词：郑明娳；现代散文理论；建构与阐发
Abstract
Research on essay is weaker than on other kind of literature. Theories and comments of essay are too lagging and sparse compared to creations of essay.Zheng Mingli ,a woman critic who find this unbalance between essay creations and essay theories, did some intensive research on essay for many years. There are some creative viewpoints in her modern essay theory.
On the base of summarizing the seniors’ viewpoints,Zheng Mingli firstly raised that traditional Chines
e popular literature ,especially traditional Chinese vernacular novel do some important influence on the development of modern Chinese essay. Traditional Chinese vernacular novel supplied vernacular Chinese, a good linguistic quintessence for  modern Chinese essay. And it supplied free spirit quintessence for the creation of essay.Zheng Mingli raised a query about the viewpoint that western essay creations and theories gave the most important influence on modern Chinese essay. She believes that traditional Chinese literature and literary theory performed the most important role in the development of modern
Chinese essay.
The most creative part of Zheng Mingli’s essay theory is her  expounding on the making of modern Chinese essay text. Taking the text of essay as the standing point, communicating traditional Chinese theories of image with modern western structuralism ,she finds poetry of the essay text and affirms the literary quality of essay. Another important creation in this part is her narratology of essay. She uses the narratology of novel for reference to do some research in essay, developing her essay narratology.
Zheng Mingli believes that there are three main features in ideological trends of modern Chinese ess
梁实秋散文ay, which are commercializing tendentiousness,modernlism tendentiousness and many-faceted tendentiousness. She fights against that the government controls the freedom and the right of speaking. She supports many-faceted ideological trends in essay creations. She tries her best to resist traditional authoritative mind of history’s influence on her theory.
Zheng Mingli’s modern Chinese essay theory takes traditional Chinese literary theory as the basic idea. Her essay theory also contains some modern western literary theory, take structuralism for example. She imports theories of image
from poem to essay, creating “poetics of essay”, which is the
unique theory that belongs to essay itself and confirms the
literary quality of essay. Zheng Mingli’theory draws the
spiritual nourishment from Xingling theory in late Ming Dynasty.
She advocates that modern essay should pursue freedom, creative
spirit and many-faceted ideology. Zheng Mingli uses the researching method of western structuralism in her essay research. She focused on the expounding of essay’s literary
quality, telling us that essay has its unique literary status.
Keywords:  Zheng Mingli, Modern Chinese essay theory, construction and explanations