高中英语必修第三册Unit1
一、动词-ing形式作表语
动词-ing形式作表语，通常位于系动词后面，用以说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。
1．现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等。作表语的现在分词，许多是由能够表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词变化而来的。常见的有：moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等，这类分词有“令人……的”之意，常修饰物。
Your speechis very interesting and encouraging.
你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
注意：不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语，但不定式通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作。动词-ed形式作表语表示外因使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。
My wish is to find apart-time job this summer.
我的愿望就是今年夏天能到一份兼职工作。
I was disappointed atthis decision.
我对这个决定感到失望。
2．动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。
Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean aspossible.
＝Keeping the lecture hallas clean as possible is her job.
她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。
[名师点津]
(1)作表语时，系动词除be外还有appear，sound，look，become，come，get，go，grow，keep，remain，seem等。
(2)动词-ing形式作表语时，相当于形容词，表示性质或状态；而进行时态中的动词-ing形式是谓语动词的组成部分，表示具体的动作，两者不可混淆。
The present situation is encouraging.(表语)
目前的形势是令人鼓舞的。
The present situation isencouraging us to stride forward in production.(noise的形容词现在进行时)
目前的形势正在鼓舞我们在生产上迈步前进。
二、动词-ing形式作定语
动词-ing形式作定语，有以下几种情况：
(一)动词-ing形式作定语的位置
1．单个动词-ing形式作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之前。有些-ing形式已转化为形容词，表示“令人……的”。
He broughtus surprising news.
他给我们带来了惊人的消息。
2．动词-ing形式短语作定语，常置于被修饰的名词之后。
The studentsrunning along the street are fromNo.3 Middle School.
沿街跑步的学生来自第三中学。
(二)动词-ing形式作定语的用法
动名词和现在分词都可以作定语，但有所区别。
1．动名词作定语表示被修饰词的某种性能或用途，相当于for引导的介词短语。
No one isallowed to speak aloud in the readingroom.
不允许任何人在阅览室里大声说话。
2．现在分词作定语时，它和被修饰词之间有逻辑上的主动关系，表示所修饰词进行的动作，相当于一个定语从句。
The boy playing football on the playground ismy younger brother.
＝The boy that/who is playing football on theplayground is my younger brother.
在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。
3．动词-ing形式作定语，也有被动形式。
The topic being discussed at the moment is aboutmusic.现在正在讨论的话题是关于音乐的。
注意：现在分词、过去分词和不定式作定语的一般区别：现在分词表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；不定式表示动作尚未发生。
You should adapt to the changing situation.
你应该适应不断变化的形势。
The ground is covered with fallen leaves.
地上满是落叶。
I’m looking for a room to live in.
我正在房子住。
【巩固练习】
语法填空
1.It is________(amaze) that the boy is able to solve the problem so quickly.
2.Buying a car issimply _______(waste) money.
3.Please stopmaking the noise—it’s getting ________(annoy).
4.Our job is ______ (play) all kinds ofmusic.
5. The patient hasstayed in the _______ (wait) room for half an hour.
6.The music theyare playing sounds so______ ( excite).
7. The taxi ______(take) us to the airport broke down.
8.The __________(frighten) scene shocked us.
9.Going camping is__________ (interest) and _______ (excite).
10.His concern forhis mother is most______ ( touch).
11.Anybody _____(swim) in this river will be fined.
12. The young man_______ (sit) between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.
13. A person_______ (run) regularly in the morning is healthier than a non-runner.
14.The problem________ (discuss) now is about food safety.
15.The man _____ (question) by the policeman now is connected with the traffic accident.
16.There is a note pinned to the door______（say）when the shop will open again.
17.Today there are more airplanes________(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.
18.Last night, there were millions ofpeople _______ (watch)the opening ceremony live on TV.
答案：
1.amazing 2. wasting 3. annoying 4. playing 5. waiting 6. exciting 7.taking
8. frightening 9. interesting; exciting 10. touching 11. swimming 12. sitting
13.running 14.being discussed 15. being questioned 16. saying 17. carrying
18. watching
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