动词的时态变化
1、本节课内容：
今天这节课，我们一起巩固学习和强化训练动词的一般变化形式。
（一）动词的规则变化形式
2022年元旦新年祝福语动词的一般规则变化形式 | |||||
对应的时态 | ※ | ||||
构成方法 | 原形 | 第三人称单数 | 过去式 | 带辛的字过去分词 | 现在分词 |
一般在词尾加s、ed或ing | work stay | works stays | worked stayed | worked stayed | working staying |
以e结尾加s, d或去e加ing | use hope | use hopes | used hoped | used hoped | using hoping |
以辅音字母y结尾，y变i，再加es或ed或直接加ing | 心怦怦跳 Study | Studies | Studied | Studied | Studying |
以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，直接加s, 双写辅音字母加ed, 加ing | Stop | Stops 嬴政和芈月是什么关系 | Stopped | Stopped | Stopping |
以r结尾的重读音节、重复r后再加ed或ing，直接加s | Prefer | Prefers | Preferred | Preferred | Preferring |
以i结尾的有时要重复i后再加ed或ing，直接加s | Travel | Travels | Travelled | Travelled | Travelling |
（二）针对动词的原形，过去式，过去分词的形式，还有一些特殊的形式：
1. A---A---A型（现在式、过去式和过去分词同形）
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切
动词原形（现在式） 过去式 过去分词
cost cost cost 花费 cut cut cut 割，切
hit hit hit 打 let let let 让
put put put 放下 read read read 读
巧记：花钱（cost）像割肉（cut），打一打(hit)，让一让(let)，不如放下(put)心思去读书（put）。
2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打
3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
2. A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat beat beaten 打
3. A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形）
come came come 来 become became become 变 run ran run 跑
4. A ---B ---B型
（1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去式或过去分词。
burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
burn burnt burnt 燃烧 learn learned/learnt learned/learnt 学习
hear heard heard 听见
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母改动一下， 构成过去式或过去分词。
build-built-built 建筑 lend-lent-lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 spend spent spent 花费
（2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母改动一下， 构成过去式或过去分词。
build-built-built 建筑 lend-lent-lent 借给 lose lost lost 失去 spend spent spent 花费
(三)现在完成时
现在完成时态的结构
have /has (助动词)+done(过去分词)
现在完成时态的用法
1、用来表示之前已经发生或完成的动作或状态，而其结果却和现在有联系: 动作或状态发生在过去,但它的影响现在还存在,可以和already, never, ever, just, before, yet等副词连用。例如：
They have left. (他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里)
I have had my lunch. (我已经吃过午饭了反躬自问,也就是说我现在不饿)
I can’t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it. (丢手表发生在过去，但现在还没有到，即过去的动作对现在造成的影响。)
He has seen the film. So he won’t go with us. (看电影发生在过去，但现在仍然记得它的内容。)
说明：already与yet都有“已经”的意思，但already常用于______，并用于句中。yet常用于_______和_____，并用于句末。例如：
I have already finished my homework.
I haven’t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?
2、表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词h
ow long等。例如：
My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。绞股蓝的功效与作用
Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。
How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？
注意：此种用法中表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）。例如：
结束性动词转换为以下延续性动词或者表示可以延续的状态的短语。
① arrive at / in sp / get to / reach sp / come / go / move to sp
→ be in sp / at school / at home / on the farm / be here / be there
1) He got to Beijing five minutes ago. He Beijing for .
2) I moved to the USA in 2008. I the USA since .
3) I went home yesterday. I home for .
4) They came here last week. They ___________ here since _____________.
② come to / go back to / return to→ be back to go out → be out
1) He came out two years ago.He ______________ for ____________.
2) We return to Beijing yesterday.We ___ ____________ to Beijing since __________.
③ become → be
1) I became a teacher in 2000. I ________________ a teacher for _________________.
2) The river became dirty last year. The river _______ _______ dirty for _______ ________.
④ close → be closed open → be open
1) The shop closed two hours ago. The shop _______________ ______ for _________________.
2) The door opened at six in the morning.The door ________ ________ ________ for six hours.
⑤ get up → be up； die → be dead； leave sp. → be away from sp.
fall asleep / get tot sleep → be asleep； finish / end → be over；marry → be married；
1) I got up two hours ago.I ________ ______ _______since _______________.
2) He left Shanghai just now.He _______ _____________ ______ Shanghai for five minutes.
3) My grandpa died in 2002.My grandpa _______ _____ ______for _______ ________.
4) The meeting finished at six.The meeting ________ ______ ______ for six hours.
5) I got to sleep two hours ago .I ________ _____ ___ since _________ _________.
6) They married in 1990. They ________ _________ __________since _________.
⑥ start / begin to do sth. → do sth. ；begin → be on
1) I began to teach at this school in 1995. I ____ ____ at this school since ____.
2) The film began two minutes ago. The film ____ ____ ____ for ____ ____.
⑦ borrow → keep； lose → not have ；buy → have ；put on → wear
catch / get a cold → have a cold； get to know → know
1) They borrowed it last week. They __________it since _____________.
2) I bought a pen two hours ago. I ____________a pen for _____________.
3) I got to know him last year. I ___________ him since ___________.
4) I put on my glasses three years ago. I _________ my glasses for ______________.
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