LESSON EIGHT
主系表
现在： You are rich.
过去： You were rich.
将来： You will be rich.
过去将来：You would be rich.
There be
现在：There is a book on the desk .
过去：There was a book on the desk.
将来：There will be a book on the desk.
过去将来：There would be a book on the desk.
主谓宾状
现在： You study English in the school.
冰红茶怎么做过去时： You studied English in the school.
将来时: You will study English in the school.
You are going to study English.
You are to study English.
You are about to study English
过去将来：You would study English in the scho
You were going to study English.
You were to study English.
You were about to study English.
You are studying English.
You were studying English.
You will be studying English.
You拖拉一点也无妨 woud be studying English.
课堂练习
2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？
3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬 bit bite你吗？
4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.
5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？
6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？
7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗？
8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？
9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗?
10：你知道昨天晚上7前端实习报告点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？《大学生活》
11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。
课堂答案
1：你知道你们老师的爸爸昨天为什么要打beat他？
Do you know why your teacher’s father beat him yesterday?
2：你知道你们班的那个女孩子怎样成为你们班最好的学生吗？
Do you know how the pretty girl of your class becomes the best students?
3：你知道昨天他们家的狗为什么咬 bit bite你吗？
Do you know why the dog of his family bit you yesterday?
4：我妈妈昨天问我我打算在哪学英语.感触的意思
Yesterday, my mother asked me where I was going to study English.
5：你知道你们学校的图书馆去年有多少图书吗？
Do you know how many books there were in the library of your school yesterday?
6:你知道他的父亲什么时候死的吗？
Do you know when his father died?
7：你知道老鼠mouse为什么爱大米rice吗？
Do you know why the mouse loves rice?
8：你知道你们老师明年打算写多少本书吗？
Do you know how many books your teacher is going to write nest year?
9：你知道你们老师现在在哪吃午饭的吗?
Do you know where your teacher is having lunch?
10：你知道昨天晚上7点半你爸爸和你妈妈在客厅里做什么呢吗？
Do you know what your father and mother were doing in the living room at half past 7 yesterday?
11：那个医生告诉我他临时在这个医院帮忙。
The doctor told me that he was helping in the hospital.
四种完成时态
▲ 完成时态的构成
句型 时态 | 主系表 | 主谓宾 |
现在完成 | have (has) been | have (has) done |
过去完成 | had been | had done |
将来完成 | will have been | will have done |
过去将来完成 | would have been | would have done |
▲ 现在完成时态的基本用法
1. 表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。
应该明确现在完成时态属于现在时态的范畴。它所强调的不是过去发生的动作，而是对现在产生的结果和影响。否则用一般过去时态就够了。请看下面的对话。
● A－We will send some one to America.
我们要派一个人去美国。
B－I have been there.
我去过美国。
= I was there and I know the country very well. Would you send me there?
我去过那儿，很了解那个国家。能派我去吗？
C－I have not been there.
我还没去过那儿呢。
= I didn’t go to America. It is my turn.
我没去过。这次该我了。
上面对话的前提是大家都抢着去美国。所以B用现在完成时态是想说明自己有经验，派他去好。而C用现在完成时态是说自己没去过，轮也该轮到他了。两句都是强调对现在产生的影响。
Did you have lunch?
Have you had lunch?
Did you study English?
Have you studied English?
Laochang died?
Laochang has died?
Who was herer?
Who has been here?
Have you done your homework
2. 表示过去发生的动作一直持续到现在。
通常用于持续性较强的动词，例如：live, study, wait for, be等等，并且常常与since, for连用，since给出的是过去的一个时间点，如since 1958, 而for往往给出的是一个时间段，如for three years马伯骞多高。
● He has studied English for eight years.
● Since 1980, they have known each other.
╳ His father has died for three years.
● His father has been dead for three years.
第一句是错的。“死”这个动作不可能延续。但一种状态却可以延续。第二句用主系表句型是对的。
▲ 过去完成时态，将来完成时态和过去将来完成时态
学习完成时态应注意，所有完成时态在“态”的概念上是一样的，现在完成时态、过去完成时态、将来完成时态、过去将来完成时态所不同的只是时间上的概念。所以我们只要掌握现在完成时态，然后在时间上向过去推便是过去完成时态，向将来推便是将来完成时态。
3完成时态在主从句中的用法
完成时态除上面讲到的两种基本用法之外，在主从句中通常可以用来表示主句与从句动作发生的先后次序。
● Do you know he has finished his homework?
现在完成时态“has finished”表示发生在一般现在时态“know”之前。
● I heard he had bought a new car.
过去完成时态“had bought”表示发生在过去时态“heard”之前。
现在完成时态“have had supper”强调吃过饭之后，即强调从句动作发生在主句之前。从
上面几个例句可以看出，在主从句中现在完成时态往往表示发生在另一个现在时态的动作之前，而过去完成时态则表示发生在另一个过去时态的动作之前。请注意下面的例句：
以上简单地介绍了在主从句中完成时态的用法。请同学们在做练习时多加注意。
一、 完成下列句子。
1. He said （他从未去过西藏Tibet）.
2. （他从未给我写过信）since he left Beijing.
3. He said （他下月底就不用我的照相机了camera）.
4. I hope （雨会在明天中午前停下来）.
5. By the end of that year （他已集了一千多张中国邮票）.
6. I really don’t know （他是否已经到了实验室laboratory）.
7. The boy knows that he must be braver and firmer
（在他经历了这样的事情之后）.
8. I could not remember whether （他已经付了字典钱）.
9. I’m afraid I （到时还没有到正确的答案）.
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