语法填空
1.(2018全国高考I卷)If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give a try.
【答案】 it
【解析】考查代词。give it a try为固定搭配,意为“试一试”,根据语境可知,it指代running,故可填it或running。句意:如果你很难抽出时间,你只需要跑一半的时间就能得到和其他运动一样的好处,所以也许我们都应该试一试。
2. (2018全国高考III卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find (they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】考查代词。这里用them指代上文的the gorillas。句意:当大猩猩和我都吓了彼此一跳时,我很高兴能看见它们还活着。
3.(2017全国高II卷)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using every day.
【答案】it
【解析】考查代词。use是及物动词,其后接宾语,此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知,此处用it指代上文提到的the railway。句意:然而,铁路很快被证明是一个巨大的成功,在6个月内,每天使用它的有25,000多人。
4.(2016全国高II卷)On my recent visit,I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by ____(it) mother.
【答案】its
【解析】考查代词。mother是名词,故此处填it的形容词性物主代词its。句意:在我最近的一次访问中,我抱着一个被它母亲拒绝的三个月大的双胞胎。
5.(2018全国高考浙江卷)Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap can be to eat out.
【答案】 it
【解析】考查代词。此处应用it作形式主语,真正的主语是to eat out。句意:许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到外出就餐是多么的便宜,做的饭就会比在自己国家做的要少得多。
单句改错
1. (2019全国高考I卷)From then on, I started to play my football with classmates after school.
【答案】去掉my
【解析】考查固定搭配。“踢足球”的英语表达为“play football”,中间不能加冠词或者代词。
故将my去掉。
2.(2019全国高考III卷)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.
【答案】yourselves改为 themselves
3.(2018全国高考I卷)The first time I went there,they were living in a small house with dogs,ducks,and another animals.
【答案】another改为other。
【解析】考查代词another作限定词。another“又一,再一”后跟可数名词单数;可数名词复数前用other“其他的,别的”,故把another改为other。句意:我第一次去那里的时候,他们住在一个小房子里,里面有狗、鸭子和其他动物。
4.(2018全国高考II卷)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】考查代词。此处表示“他们会对我(me)说”。句意:他们常常会对我们说玩纸牌游戏会对我的大脑有好处。
5.(2017全国高II卷)Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
【答案】all→both或去掉all
【解析】考查代词。Mr.and Mrs.Zhang是两个人,故用both。因both在此作同位语,也可以去掉。all指的是三者或三者以上。句意:张老师夫妇两个人都在我们学校工作。
6.(2017全国高考III卷)This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
【答案】your改为my
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词代词。 据行文逻辑推测your改为my 。句意:这张照片常常让我想起我高中时的快乐时光。此处是以作者的口吻写的“我的高中时光”。
7.(2017全国高考I卷)If we go on a trip abroad,we can broaden your view and gain knowledge we cannot get from books.
【答案】your改为our
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词代词。由前面的we go on a trip和we can broaden可知,应把your改为our。
句意:如果我们出国旅行,我们就可拓宽我们的视野并且学到课本上我们学不到的东西。
8.(2016全国高II卷)Instead,he hopes that our business will grow steadily.
【答案】his改为our
【解析】考查形容词性物主代词代词。由My uncle is the owner of a restaurant ...可知,餐馆是“我”叔叔的,故将our改为his。句意:相反,他希望他的业务能稳步增长。
9.(2016全国高III卷)At last,I will be on my own,but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.
【答案】need前加I
【解析】考查代词。根据行文逻辑加上I。句意:最终,我还是要一个人,但我仍然想在我需要帮助的任何时候有父母可以求助。
在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来,高考重点考查不定代词,所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右,其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置,要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此,做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上,特别注意句意和句子结构的结合,只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。
一.人称代词
第一人称 | 第二人称 | 第三人称 | |||||
单数 | 复数 | 单数 | 复数 | 单 数 | 复 数 | ||
人称代词 | 主 格 | I | we | you | you | she he it | they |
宾 格 | Me | us | you | you | her him it | them | |
物主代词 | 形容词性 | my | our | your | your | her his its | their |
名词性 | mine | ours | yours | yours | hers his its | theirs | |
反身代词 | myself | ourselves | yourself | yourselves | herself himself itself | themselves | |
二.both,all,either,each,every,neither,none的用法
代词 | 意义 | 用法 | 例句 |
both | 两者都 | ①常位于动词be之后,行为动词之前,②可与of连用,后接名词或代词. | The two boys are both over there.那两个男孩都在那边 Both of us play the ball. 我们两个都打球。 |
either | 高考报名费两者中的任何一个 | 在句中可作主语(此时句中谓语动词用单数)、宾语、表语和定语(作定语时,有的词典把它称为形容词;either作定语时,只能修饰单数名词。) | Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都很聪明。 I have bought two cakes;you may have either.我买了两块蛋糕;你要哪块都行。 |
neither | 表示两者之中都不 | ①作主语时,可单独使用,也可以与of连用②作宾语,可单独使用,也可以与of连用,放在动词或介词之后。 | Either(of them)is OK. (他们两个中)任何一个都行。 I like neither.(两个)我一个也不喜欢。 |
all | 全部都 | 指可数的东西时为复数,指不可数的东西时为单数 | All of the students are here.所有的学生都在这儿。 All (of) the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在哪儿。 |
none | 全都不,任何一个都不 | 指可数的东西时可为单数或复数,指不可数的东西时为单数 | None of them support the plan。他们都不支持这个计划。 None of the milk is good.牛奶全部坏掉了。 |
each | 每一个 | 作定语、主语、宾语和同位语 | Each student may have an edictionary./Each of the students has an edictionary. /The students each have an edictionary. 每个学生都可有一本电子词典。 |
every | 每一个 | 作定语 | Every student in our school works hard. 我们学校的学生都很用功。 |
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