一、重要词汇：
Environment环境，外界
System系统
Pollution污染
interaction of systems系统的相互作用
environmental problem环境问题
environmental disturbance环境破坏,环境污染
biotic habitat生物环境
acid rain酸雨
sulfur dioxide二氧化硫
nitrogen oxide氧化氮；氮的氧化物
carbon dioxide二氧化碳
automobile exhaust汽车尾气
infectious diseases传染病
waterborne diseases水传染疾病
agrarian society农业社会
industrial society工业社会
industrial revolution工业革命
urbanization都市化
industrialization工业化
developed country发达国家
developing country发展中国家
undeveloped country不发达国家
nitrous oxide一氧化二氮
nitric oxide氧化氮,氮氧化物
nitrogen dioxide二氧化氮
carbon oxides氧化碳
sulfur oxides氧化硫
nitrogen oxides氧化氮
hydrocarbons烃类,碳氢化合物
photochemical oxidants光化学氧化剂
particulates颗粒物
inorganic compound无机物
organic compound有机物
radioactive substance放射性物质
normal concentration 当量浓度,标准浓度 
heavily polluted严重污染的
determining factor 决定因素
photochemical oxidants光化学氧化剂
liquid particalates  液体颗粒物
radioactiue substance放射性物质
sulfur-containing  含硫物
automobile exhaust汽车尾气
greenhouse effect温室效应 
Contaminant污染物
Strength强度
foreign matter 杂质
municipal wastewater市政污水
Domestic sewage生活污水
Microorganism微生物
Microbe微生物
bacteria 细菌
total solids总固体量
suspended solids (SS)悬浮固体物
volatile suspended solids (VSS) 挥发性悬浮固体物
organic matter有机物
total organic carbon, TOC 总含碳量
chemical oxygen demand, COD化学需氧量
biochemical oxygen demand, BOD生化需氧量
biodegradable可生物降解的
contamination污染物
recontamination再污染
groundwater地下水
surface water地表水
restriction限制,约束,束缚
colloid胶体
screening屏蔽;筛选
coagulation凝固;凝结
flocculation絮凝
sedimentation沉淀;沉降
filtration过滤
disinfection杀毒;消菌
chlorination加氯消毒
ozonation臭氧消毒
aeration曝气
softening软化
activated carbon活性炭
adsorption吸收，吸附
reverse osmosis反向渗透
microbial degradation微生物降解作用
biological degradation生物降解
biofilm process生物过滤法
activated sludge process活性污泥法
metabolize新陈代谢
metabolism新陈代谢
dissolved oxygen 溶解氧
pretreatment process 预处理过程water pollution
primary clarifier初级沉清池
equalization basin均质池
biological treatment process生物处理工艺
aeration basin曝气池
biomass生物量
heterotrophic bacteria异养菌
autotrophic bacteria自养菌
Biological degradation 生物降解
equalization basin 均质池
aeration basin曝气池
sludge blocs污泥集团
settling tank沉降池
dissolved oxygen溶解氧
biofilm生物过滤
suspended-growth悬浮生长
solid waste固体废水
municipal市政的
industrial工业的
agricultural农业的
hazardous有毒的
residential住宅区的
commercial商业的
putrescible易腐烂的
combustible易燃的
flammable可燃的
explosive易爆的
radioactive放射性的 
sanitary landfill: 卫生填埋
balance: 平衡
batch-fed: 分批投料
perform: 施行
shut down: 停工;关闭
refuse垃圾       
energy recovery能量回收
combustion燃烧
incomplete combustion不完全燃烧 
well-compacted landfill夯实填埋
pulverized refuse垃圾破碎
fluidized bed incarceration流化床监禁
wet oxidation湿式氧化
nutrient source营养源 
soil conditioners土壤改良剂
municipal waste都市垃圾

二．英译中
1、  Environment is the physical and biotic habitat which surrounds us; that which we can see, hear, touch, smell, and taste.
    环境是围绕我们的,物理的和生物的栖所;是我们所能看到，听到，接触，嗅到和品尝到的一切。
2、  Pollution can be defined as an undesirable change in the physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of the air, water, or land that can harmfully affect the health, survival, or activities of humans or other living organisms.
    污染可以被定义作为在可能有害地影响人或其他生物的健康、生存或者活动空气、水或者土地上的物理，化工或者生物特征的一个不受欢迎的变化。
3、 Two examples of interaction between systems that cause major environmental disturbances are presented-the buildup of atmospheric carbon dioxide, a global problem, and the acid rain problem, normally of regional nature.
    导致主要环境破坏的系统之间相互作用的两个因素是大气中二氧化碳含量的增加,一个全
球性的问题,和酸雨问题,通常是区域性的自然情况.
4、  With these improvements, however, have come disturbing side effects, such as lost arable land, disappearing forests, environmental pollution, and new organisms resistant to controls.
    随着这些改进，然而，(它们同时也)带来令人烦恼的副作用，比如失去可耕作的土地，消失的森林，环境的污染和新的有机物对抗体需要控制。
5、Both phenomena, urbanization and industrialization, were and are fundamental causes of water and air pollution which the cities of that time were unable to handle.
    两种现象，都市化和工业化，是那段时间城市无法处理水和大气污染的根本起因，现在也是。
6、 Rapid advances in technology for the treatment of water and the partial treatment of wastewater took place in the developed countries over the next few decades.
在发达国家，水处理技术和污水的不完全处理技术的飞速发展是发生在下几个十年期间。
7. What Is Air Pollution? Air pollution is normally defined as air that contains one or more chemicals in high enough concentrations to harm humans, other animals,  vegetation or materials. There are two major types of air pollutants .A primary air pollutant is a chemical added directly to the air that occurs in a harmful concentration. It can be a natural air component, such as carbon dioxide, that rises above its normal concentration, or something not usually found in the air, such as a lead compound emitted by cars burning leaded gasoline. A secondary air pollutant is a harmful chemical formed in the atmosphere through a chemical reaction among air components. Serious air pollution usually results over a city or other area that is emitting high levels of pollutants during a period of air stagnation. The geographic location of some heavily populated cities, such as Los Angeles and Mexico City, makes them particularly susceptible to frequent air stagnation and pollution buildup.