十九、主从复合句
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概述
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.—ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
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宾语从句的特点
⒈ 宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
⒉ 宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
⒋ whether和if都可引导宾语从句,但whether 后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。
⒌ 如果从句太长,可以用形式宾语it。
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宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:that(that 常可省略),whether,if
代词:who,whose,what,which
副词:when,where,how,why等。
⒈ that 引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that 可以省略)
① 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有:say,think,insist,wish,hope,demand,imagine,wonder,know,suppose,see,believe,agree,admit,deny,expect,explain,order,command,feel,dream,suggest,hear,mean,notice,prefer,request,require,propose,declare,report等.
如:The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets。
注意:当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect 等词,而宾语从句的意思是否定时,常把否定转移至主句表示.
如:I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that。
② 在以下情况中that不能省略
⑴ 当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,但后面的that不可省.
周公解梦梦见鞋丢了如:He said(that)you were too young to understand the matter and that
he was asked not to tell you.
⑵ 当主句的谓语动词与 that 宾语从句之间有插入语时,that一般不可省.
如:Just then I noticed for the first time,that our master was wearing
whether是什么意思his fine green coat and his black silk cap.
⑶ 当that 从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时,that不可省。
如:I can’t tell him that his mother died。
注意:许多带复合宾语的句子,that卢学叡引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语.
如:I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.
⒉ 由whether,if引导的宾语从句
① 由whether(if宽阔的反义词)引导的宾语从句,实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序.一般说来,在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用,但在特殊情况
下if与whether是不能互换的。
如:I wonder whether(if)土豪手机they will come to our party。
② 只能用whether,不能用if引导的宾语从句
⑴ 在带to的不定式前
如:We decided whether to walk there。
⑵ 在介词的后面
如:I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film。
⑶ 在动词后面的宾语从句时
如:We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next week
⑷ 直接与or not孕妇营养素连用时
如:I can't say whether or not thet can come on time。
③ 只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句
⑴ if引导条件状语从句,意为“如果”
如:The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.
⑵ if引导否定概念的宾语从句时
如:He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.
⑶ 引导状语从句even if(即使)和as if(好象)时
如:He talks as if he has known all about it。
⒊ 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句
这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的,宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是:see,say,tell,ask,answer,know,decide,show,find out,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,discover,understand,inform,advise等.
英语中的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语.
如:Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?
英语中的连接副词有:when,where,why,how,在句中担任状语的成分.
如:None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
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宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。
如:I don’t know what they are looking for.
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