常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
一、规则变化:
1. 一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked, work—worked
4. 以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted
注:A. 以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled(美) /travelled(英) 。
B. 特例:picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked(交易,在…通行) 另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)
C. 读音与说明:
①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]: helped, liked, finished, fetched, stopped, clapped
②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]: believed, changed, planned, preferred, followed, stayed
③.-ed在[t]、[d] 后发音为[id]: wanted, needed, admitted, permitted
二、不规则动词(Irregular Verbs)的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法:
put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat read—read must--must
2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:
build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:
mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:
blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:
keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt sweep—swept
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:
come—came become—became sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
7.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔 :t〕的过去式。如:
bring—brought,buy— bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
8.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
9.动词原形中的e改为o,如: get—got,forget—forgot
10.动词原形中的ee改为e,如: feed—fed,meet—met
11.动词原形中的eak改为oke,如: break—broke,speak—spoke
12.动词原形中的ell改为old,如: sell—sold,tell—told
13.动词原形中的an改为oo,如: stand—stood,understand—understood
14.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
15.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:n〕—meant〔ment〕
小学教师年度考核工作总结16.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
新人教版初中英语不规则动词归类记忆表
一、AAA型:动词原形与过去式、过去分词一样(原形→原形→原形)
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
read | read | read | 读 |
cut | cut | cut | 切,割 |
let | let | let | 让 |
put | put | put | 放 |
cost | cost | cost | 花费,值 |
hit | hit | hit | 撞,击 |
set | set | set | 安排,安置 |
hurt | hurt | hurt | 使…伤痛 |
二、ABA型:动词原形与过去分词一样(原形→过去式→原形)
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
become | became | become | 成为 |
come | 在你身边 陈奕迅came | come | 来 |
run | ran | run | 跑 |
三、ABC型:动词原形与过去式、过去分词都不一样
1. ow →ew →own
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
blow | blew | blown | 吹 |
draw | drew | drawn | 画 |
grow | grew | grown | 生长 |
study的过去分词know | knew | known | 知道 |
fly | flew | flown | 飞 |
2. i→a →u
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
begin | began | begun | 开始 |
drink | drank | drunk | 喝 |
sing | sang | sung | 唱 |
swim | swam | swum | 游泳 |
ring | rang | rung | 打电话 |
3. 原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
wear | wore | worn | 穿 |
forget | forgot | forgotten | 忘记 |
speak | spoke | spoken | 说 |
freeze | froze | frozen | 冻 |
choose | chose | chosen | 选择 |
4. 原形→过去式→原形+(e)n
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
eat | ate | eaten | 吃 |
forbid | forbade | forbidden | 禁止 |
give | gave | given | 给 |
ride | rode | ridden | 骑 |
see | saw | seen | 看见 |
write | wrote | written | 写 |
fall | fell | fallen | 落下 |
5. 无规律
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
am/is | was | been | 是 |
are | were | been | 是 |
do | did | done | 做 |
go | went | gone | 走 |
take | took | taken | 拿 |
四、ABB型
1. 原形→ought →ought
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 放假作文汉语意思 |
bring | brought | brought | 带来 |
buy | bought | bought | 买 |
fight | fought | fought | 打架 |
think | thought | thought | 思考 |
2. 原形→aught →aught
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
catch | caught | caught | 捉,抓 |
teach | taught | taught | 教 |
英语单词 |
3. 变其中一个元音字母
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
feed | fed | fed | 喂 |
meet | met | met | 遇见 |
get | got | got | 得到 |
hold | held | held | 拥有 |
babysit | babysat | babysat | 临时照看 |
sit | sat | sat | 坐 |
win | won | won | 赢 |
find | found | found | 发现 |
4. 原形→□lt→□lt
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
feel | felt | felt | 感到 |
keep | kept | kept | 保持 |
leave | left | left | 离开 |
sleep | slept | slept | 睡 |
sweep | swept | swept | 扫 |
5. 变其中一个辅音字母
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
build | built | built | 建造 |
hear | heard | heard | 听见 |
make | made | made | 制造 |
mean | meant | meant | 意思 |
send | sent | sent | 送,寄 |
spend | spent | spent | 花费 |
deal | dealt | dealt | 处理 |
6.辅音字母和元音字母都变
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
have | had | had | 有,吃 |
lay | lain | lain | wise的名词放 |
lose | lost | lost | 丢失 |
pay | paid | paid | 付钱 |
say | said | said | 说 |
sell | sold | sold | 卖 |
tell | told | told | 告诉 |
stand | stood | stood | 站 |
五、AAB型
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
beat | beat | beaten | 打败 |
六、有两种形式
原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 汉语意思 |
bear | bore | born | 生 |
bore | borne | ||
hang | hanged | hanged | 吊死 |
hung | hung | 挂 | |
learn | learned | learned | 学 |
learnt | learnt | ||
lie | lied | lied | 说谎 |
lay | lain | 躺 | |
show | showed | showed | 给…看 |
showed | shown | ||
spell | spelled | spelled | 拼写 |
spelt | spelt | ||
burn | burned | burned | 烧 |
burnt | burnt | ||
smell | smelled | smelled | 闻 |
smelt | smelt | ||
shine | shined | shined | 照耀 |
shone | shone | ||
dream | dreamed | dreamed | 做梦 |
dreamt | dreamt | ||
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