过去分词讲解及习题（附答案）
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语, 与句子主语是被动关系, 表示主语的状态, 既表示被动,又表示完成。The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语, 与句子主语是主动关系, 表示主语的状态, 只表示动作的完成。He is retired. 他已退休。
3. 有些过去分词作表语时, 构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
过去分词作表语
The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山。
【注意】 过去分词作表语与作被动句谓语的区别: 过去分词作表语, 主要是表示主语的状态, 而作被动句谓语则表示动作。
The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。
垮炖鱼 (是被动语态, 表示动作)
(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语)
【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行. 有些动词如：interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人, 用 -ing 形式来修饰物.
(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it.
这本书很有趣, 我对它很感兴趣。
过去分词作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词, 其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。及物动词的过去分词作定语, 既表被动又表完成; 不及物动词的过去分词作定语, 只表完成。
1. 过去分词用作定语, 如果是单个的, 常置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时, 一般置于其所修饰的名词之后, 其意义相当于一个定语从句, 但较从句简洁, 多用于书面语中。
The concert given by their friends was a success.
3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语, 前后常有逗号。
The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会, 到会的有五千多人。
4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰并非指人的事物, 这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人, 但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。烟火陈翔
The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语表被动的和完成的动作。
(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙, 这篇文章不是很好。
【注意】written 为过去分词作状语, 表示这篇文章是被写的, 而且已经被写。值得注意的是, 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构, 作状语时不表被动而表主动. 这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:
lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉浸于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.生活仪式感
因为沉浸于思考之中, 所以他没听到那个声音。
2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语, 此时应注意人称一致。
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时, 我也能解这道题。(given 为过去分词作状语, 它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I , 即 I 被再给一个小时。)
(2) Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市, 城市显得更漂亮。(seen 为过去分词作状语, 表“被看”, 由语境可知, 它的逻辑主语必须是城市, 而不是“我们”, 因为“我们”应主动看城市。)
【注意】如果过去分词作状语时, 前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构。
The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出, 汽车就开动了。
(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语, 因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语。
(2) Her head held high, she went by.
她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去。(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语, 因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语。)
3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句。
Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨, 所以他全身湿透了。
(caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语, 它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里, 这些种子能长得很快。
( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语, 它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词, 构成“连词+过去分词”结构作状语。
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm.
4. 过去分词作状语的位置：过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语, 后面有逗号与主句隔开; 也可放在主句后面, 前面有逗号与主句隔开。
He stood there silently, moved to tears.
= Moved to tears, he stood there silently.
过去分词作宾语补足语
(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词. 如: see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
I heard the song sung in English.
(2) He found his hometown greatly changed.
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如: have, make, get, keep, leave等。
(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
(3) Don't leave those things undone.
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
3 "with +宾语+过去分词“结构
此结构中, 过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam.
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home.
(4)She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face.
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.
1.Most of the photographers ____ to the conference were from north Europe．
A．invitedstudy的过去分词 B．to invite C．being invited D．having invited
2．The assistant worked late into the night ，____ a long speech for the president．
什么月饼好吃A．to have prepared B．preparing C．prepared D．having prepared
3．“Can't you read？”Mary said ____ to the notice．（NMET'93）
Apass是什么意思．angrily pointing B．and point angrily C．angrily pointed D．and angrily pointing
4．The missing singer was last seen ____ the voice close to the bridge．
发布评论