第一篇:动词的分类及基本形式
动词的分类及基本形式
动词是表示动作,状态或性质等的词。一 动词分类
根据其词义及在句中的作用可分为行为动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四类,有些动词是兼类词。1 行为动词
行为动词表示动作或状态,能独立作谓语。
根据后面能否直接带宾语,行为动词又可分为及物动词和不及物动词,及物动词(vt.)后面能直接跟宾语,不及物动词(vi.)不能直接跟宾语。如:
They study hard.他们勤奋学习。(study后没有宾语,是不及物动词)I know them well.我很了解他们。(know后有宾语them,是及物动词)注:有的动词既可作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词。如: She sings very well.她唱得很好。(sing是不及物动词)
She sang an English song just now.她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词)连系动词
连系动词是表示不完全谓语关系的动词,就是说本身有词义,但不能在句子中单独作谓语,必须和其后的一起构成谓语。常见的连系动词有be(是),become(成为),get(变成),turn(变成),remain(还是),seem(似乎是),look(看上去),feel(感觉),taste(尝起来),smell(闻起来),stay(保持)等。连系动词后的表语通常是名词和形容词,有时也可以是代词、数词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、从句等:
His English is excellent.他的英语很棒。(跟形容词)He is a famous poet.他是著名诗人。(跟名词)Money isn’t everything.金钱不是一切。(跟代词)
She was the first to arrive.她是第一个到达的人。(跟数词)Who is upstairs? 谁在楼上?(跟副词)
He is with his friends.他和朋友在一起。(跟介词短语)He seems to be ill.他似乎病了。(跟不定式)Seeing is believing.眼见为实。(跟动名词)
This is what you need.这就是你需要的。(跟从句)助动词
本身没有词义,不能单独做谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语动词,表示否定、疑问、时态、语态等语法形式,用来加强语气。常用的助动词有:be, do, have, shall, will等。eg: She is doing her homework now.What have you been doing these days?
I will meet them at the station.Does anyone ever take them to school? 情态动词
情态动词就是表示说话的语气或情态的动词;表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度,或表示主观设想。常见的情态动词有can, may, must, need, dare, shall, will, should, ought to, have to, used to, had better, would rather等。情态动词具有以下3个特点: 1)情态动词后面接动词原形并与动词原形一起构成谓语。
2)情态动词虽有时态的变化,但却没有人称和数的变化,即情态动词不会因为主语的人称或单复数的不同而用不同的形式。3)变为疑问句或否定句时不需要助动词,而是将情态动词移至主语前变为疑问句,直接在情态动词后加not,构成否定句。
Eg.Ask Miss Fang.She may tell you why.Need we hand in our exercise books before class? You should not do that.二 动词的基本形式
绝大多数动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、一般现在时第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词和现在分词。
A.第三人称单数形式的构成
一般现在时主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词后要加s或es,其变化规则与名词变复数的方法大体相同:
study的过去分词1.一般情况下在动词词尾后加s,如work—works, write—writes。
2.以字母s, x, sh, ch或o结尾的动词,后加es,如guess—guesses, finish—finishes, catch—catches。
3.以辅音字母+ y结尾的动词,改y为ies,如study—studies。注:不规则变化的有have—has, be—is等。
B.现在分词的构成
1.一般情况下在动词后加ing,如study—studying, work—working。2.以不发音的字母e结
尾的动词,先去掉e再加ing,如write—writing, move—moving。3.以重读闭音节结尾(即一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾)的动词,要双写末尾一个辅音字母,再加ing,如get—getting, begin—beginning。
4.以ie结尾的名词,一般将ie改为y,再加ing,如lie—lying, die—dying, tie—tying。注:(A)以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlling;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveling(美)/travelling(英)。(B)特例:picnic—picnicking。
C.过去式和过去分词的构成
1.一般情况在动词原形末尾加ed,如ask—asked, work—worked。2.以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved, dance—danced。
3.以辅音字母+ y结尾,把y变为ied,如try—tried, study—studied。
4.以以重读闭音节结尾(即一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped, permit—permitted。授魂与
注:(A)以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英)。(B)特例:picnic—picnicked。另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记。
第二篇:动词分类讲解范文
动词:
傲睨1.(可以做谓语)谓语动词——实义动词
1)行为动词(动作)
⑴不及物动词(vi)
⑵及物动词(vt)
①单宾动词关智斌张敬轩
②双宾动词
③宾补动词
2)系动词LV(状态、特征)
①be
②半系动词
2.(不可以做谓语)——助动词
助谁?
干什么?
时态、语态、否定、语气
Be 时态、语态
Do 否定、强调语气
Have 时态、否定
MV 语气
主语谓语
统计从业资格考试题宾语
()定语
<> 补语
[] 状语
We should stop the river ____.A.pollutingB.pollutedC.being polluted D.pollute
A be made ofmake A of ….A be made from
A be made in
A be made into
My mother made me(to)do
It happens that……
Sb sth happen to
It turns out that…
Sb sth turn out to do
It seemsed that
Sbsth seem to
拍卖师It is said that he will study is studying studied in America.Sb sth be said to do to be doing to have done
To be done to have been done
It is said that the bank was robbed last night.The bank is said to have been robbed last nigh.Steal sth(from sb sp)
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