被动语态的基本用法
动词被动语态基本用法
一、定义
当句子的主语是动作的执行者时, 谓语的形式是主动语态。
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时, 谓语要用被动语态。
被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成, 时态、人称、数等通过be表现出来。
二、各种时态的主动与被动语态
a.v.(主动语态) p.v. (被动语态)
一般现在时：do/does am/is/are+p.p
一般过去时：did was/were+p.p
现在进行时：am/is/are+doing am/is/are being+p.p
过去进行时：was/were+doing was/were being +p.p
现在完成时：have/has+done have/has been+p.p
过去完成时：had+done had been+p.p
房屋拆迁补偿协议
一般将来时：will/shall+do will/shall be +p.p
Eg：
We speak English. 主动语态
第一次见女方家长English is spoken by us. 被动语态
1)They________ the classroom yesterday.
昨天我们打扫了教室。
2)The classroom ____________ by them yesterday.
昨天教室被我们打扫了。
1.过去分词
规则动词的过去分词：
1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed
2)以不发音e结尾的加-d
3)以辅音加y结尾的, 去y变i加-ed
4)以重读闭音节结尾, 末尾只有一个辅音字母,
先双写该辅音字母, 再加-ed admit--admitted
watch---watched practice---practiced
study---studied stop---stopped
2.情态动词：S+ can/may/must/should(not) + be+过去分词
Amy can take good care of the cat．
The cat can be taken good care of by Amy.
3.否定式Dogs will not be allowed to enter your classroom.
4.疑问式Will dogs be allowed to enter your classroom?
5.双宾语He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.
Some fruits were bought for his friend (by him) yesterday.
His friend was bought some fruits (by him) yesterday.
He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.
Some fruits were bought for his friend (by him) yesterday.
三、被动语态考点分析
1. I need one more stamp before my collection______. (NMET)
A. has completed
B. completes
C. has been completed
D. is completed
析: complete是及物动词, “邮集”是被人完成的, 须从表被动意的C、D中选择。又因before等引导的时间状语从句中谓语要用一般现在时表将来, 所以此题答案为D。
2. The police found that the house______ and
a lot of things ______. (NMET)
东莞市光明小学A. has broken into…has been stolen
B. has broken into…had been stolen
C. has been broken into…s tolen
D. had been broken into…stolen
析: “房屋被人闯入”, “东西被偷”都是被动语态, 故可排除A、B。因C项中的has been broken into不能置于found之后, 则答案只能是D。
3 …Jane ______ _______(inform)
4.They ________(clean) the classroom yesterday.
5. The classroom _____ ______(clean) by them yesterday.
用所给动词的正确时态和语态填空。
1. It is clear that London Olympic Games ___________ (hold) in 201
2.
2. While many people turn to computer for news and movies, it doesn’t mean that the TV set _____________ (replace) in the near future.
3. Many chances ___________ (lose) if you don’t work hard.
4. You ______________ (fine) by the police if you keep driving so fast.
5. The question is going to ____________ (discuss) by us.
6. The little girl is so pretty that she _________________ (admire) by all the people.
7. They ________________(make)to work 10 hours a day.
8. I like these English songs and they ____________________(teach) many times on the radio.
9. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium____________________(complete) in Beijing.
A).短文填空（注意被动语态的各种时态的形式）：
The Olympic Game will be held in Brazil. Many things 1____________(do) for the Game. 30 billion yuan 2 ______________ on the projects. An Olympic Village3____________（build) for the athletes and some hotels 4____________ for the visitors to stay in. The ro
ads 5________ ______(make) wider and better and trees and flowers 6________________along the roads. The new Stadiums
7 ___________________(complete) before 2016. Many volunteers 8______________ (train) for the game. Many policemen 9 ___________(send) keep order. During the 2016 Olympic Game, the best athletes 10_____________(choose) to compete and they11 ________________(encourage) to do their best.
B).短文填空（注意被动语态的各种时态的形式）：
Welcome to our school. I’d like to introduce you plans for our school. A lot of work1____________ (do) in the few years. The library 2____________ (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work. A new biology lab3_________ (build) this year. But we don’t have enough money for the equipment. Students in all grades 4___________ (collect) money. The money which is collected 5__________(spend) on new equipment.什么是闪点
At present, a plan 6___________(make) for a party at the end of the term, at which wonderful performances 7_________(put) on. The gardens of the school 8________________(improve) this year. New trees 9____________ (plant) which will soon give shade in summer. The whole school 10 _________________ (paint) during the summer holidays. In fact, our school is becoming more and more beautiful.
四、主动表示被动的几种情况
1. 不及物动词与状语连用, 用以表示主语的品质和状态。常见动词是: cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash, drive, keep等。如：
This knife cuts well. 这把刀好切。
These books sell well. 这些书好卖。
主持人大赛自我介绍The cloth washes well. 这种布好洗。
The pen writes smoothly. 这支笔写起来流畅。
Meat won’t keep long in such hot weather.肉在这样热的天气里放不长久。
2. 一些连系动词的主动式＋形容词
常见动词: look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
study的过去分词如: The apples taste good.
The flower smells wonderful.