过去分词
过去分词属于类动词:1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还强调已完成了。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,同样强调动作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
1.1 构成规则
2.2 临沂蒙山不规则动词
3.▪ AAA型
4.▪ ABB型
5.▪ ABC型
1.▪ AAB型
2.▪ ABA型
3.▪ 情态动词型
4.▪ 常用过去分词
5.▪ 其他情况
6.3 句法作用
1.▪ 作表语
2.▪ 作定语
3.▪ 作状语
4.▪ 作宾语补足语
5.▪ 其他
构成规则
编辑
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则:
(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“-ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d ”。
live---lived---lived
(3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“-ed”。
study—studied—studied,cry—cried—cried,try—tried—tried,fry—fried—fried. [1]
(4)重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(r、y、x除外),先双写该辅音字母,再加“-ed”。
个人签名设计stop—stopped—stopped,drop—dropped—dropped
∙特例:有两类动词本身应该直接加“ed”,但由于历史习惯,依旧要双写最后一个字母,再加“ed”。以“元音字母+l”非重读结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写“l",再加“ed”。例如cancel→cancelled,dial→dialled。另外还有一些以非重读闭音节结尾的规则动词变过去分词也要双写最后一个辅音字母,再加“ed”。例如:kidnap→kidnapped,worship→worshipped。而上述两种情况在美国一般却直接加“ed”。
(5)以c结尾的动词,要变c为ck,再加“-ed”。
picnic→picnicked,traffic→trafficked
∙注:这样做主要是为了避免变化后其原型尾音/k/变成/s/。根据英文的拼写规则,c在字母e、i、y之前均发/s/,其他情况下均发/k/。如果直接加“ed”的话,trafficed将会读成/'træfɪsɪd/,而不读/'træfɪkt/。
不规则动词
AAA型
即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。(共9个)
1.cost—cost—cost
2.cut—cut—cut
3.hit—hit—hit
4.hurt—hurt—hurt
5.let—let—let
6.put—put—put
7.read—read—read(read的原形和过去式、过去分词 读音不同 [2] )
8.set-set-set
9.shut-shut-shut
ABB型
过去式、过去分词相同。(共42个)
1.过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。(4个)
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
fight—fought—fought
bring—brought—brought
buy—bought—bought
think—thought—thought
fight—fought—fought
2.词尾有-ild,-end时,只需把d变为t。(4个)
build—built—built
lend—lent— lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent— spent
build—built—built
lend—lent— lent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent— spent
3.过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。(2个)
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
catch—caught—caught
teach—taught—taught
4.把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。(4个)
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept
feel—felt— felt
keep—kept—kept
sleep—slept—slept
sweep— swept—swept
feel—felt— felt
5.把-ell变为-old。(2个)
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
tell—told—told
sell—sold—sold
6.把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。(3个)
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
spill—spilt—spilt
smell—smelt—smelt
spell—spelt—spelt
spill—spilt—spilt
7.把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。(4个)
feed—fed—fed
feed—fed—fed
lead—led—led
speed—sped—sped
meet—met—met
speed—sped—sped
meet—met—met
8.过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。(6个)
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
burn—burnt—burnt
dream—dreamt—dreamt
deal—dealt—dealt
learn—learnt—learnt
mean—meant—meant
spoil—spoilt—spoilt
burn—burnt—burnt
dream—dreamt—dreamt
deal—dealt—dealt
9.过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id(3个)
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
say—said—said
pay—paid—paid
lay—laid—laid
10.改变元音字母。(12个)
meet—met—met
feed—fed—fed
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig— dug—dug染发图片
lose—lost—lost
meet—met—met
feed—fed—fed
get—got—got
sit—sat—sat
find—found—found
hold—held—held
spit—spat—spat
shine—shone—shone
win—won—won
hang—hung—hung
dig— dug—dug染发图片
lose—lost—lost
11.改变辅音字母。(4个)
make—made—made
make—made—made
build—built—built
send—sent—sent
spend—spent—spent
send—sent—sent
spend—spent—spent
12.改变元、辅音字母。(4个)
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have/has—had—had
understand—understood—understood
leave—left—left
stand—stood—stood
have/has—had—had
understand—understood—understood
ABC型
原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。(共39个)
1.i—a—u变化。(7个)
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing— sang—sung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink— sank—sunk
spring—sprang—sprung
ring—rang—rung
swim—swam—swum
sink— sank—sunk
spring—sprang—sprung
2.词尾为-ow,-aw时,过去式将其变为-ew,过去分词在其原形后加n。(5个)
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown
blow—blew—blown
draw—drew—drawn
grow— grew—grown
know—knew—known
throw—threw—thrown
(show除外)
3.词尾为“i+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将i变为o,过去分词多在原形后加n,若那个辅音字母为d或t,须双写d或t后加n。(4个)(give,hide除外)
drive—drove—driven
write—wrote—written
ride— rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
write—wrote—written
ride— rode—ridden
rise—rose—risen
4.过去分词在过去式后加n。(3个)
wake—woke—woken
speak-spoke-spoken
steal-stole-stolen
wake—woke—woken
speak-spoke-spoken
steal-stole-stolen
5.过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。(2个)
get-got-gotten/got
forget—forgot—forgotten
get-got-gotten/got
forget—forgot—forgotten
6.过去分词由原形加(e)n构成。(6个)
be—was(were)—been
study的过去分词 eat—ate—eaten
be—was(were)—been
study的过去分词 eat—ate—eaten
fall—fell—fallen
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
give—gave—given
see—saw—seen
hide—hid—hidden(hid)
7.词尾为-ake时,过去式将其变为-ook,过去分词在原形词后加-n。(2个)
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
take—took—taken
mistake—mistook—mistaken
8.原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。(6个)
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
do—did—done
fly—flew—flown
go—went—gone
lie—lay—lain
show—showed—shown
wear—wore—worn
9.词尾为-eak时,过去式将其变为-oke,过去分词在过去式后加-n。(2个)
break—broke—broken
speak—spoke—spoken
break—broke—broken
speak—spoke—spoken
10.词中间为“oo+辅(1个)+e”或“ee+辅(1个)+e”,过去式将oo、ee变为o,过去分词在过去式后加-n。(2个)
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
choose—chose—chosen
freeze—froze—frozen
AAB型
过去式和原形相同。(1个)
beat—beat—beaten
ABA型
过去分词和原形相同。(共3个)
1.词中间为“o+辅+e”时,过去式将o变为a。(2个)
come—came—come
become—became—become
come—came—come
become—became—become
2.i—a—u变化。(4个)
酒柜隔断 begin—began—begun
酒柜隔断 begin—began—begun
drink—drank—drunk
sing—sang—sung
swim—swam—swum
情态动词型
(除must)
只有原形和过去式,没有过去分词。(共4个)
1.can—could
2.may—might
3.will—would
4.shall—should
must 既没有过去式也没有过去分词。
常用过去分词
be(am,is,are) (是)was,were been
begin(开始) began begun
drink(喝) drank drunk
ring(铃响) rang rung
sing (唱) sang sung
swim(游泳) swam swum
blow(吹) blew blown
draw(画) drew drawn
fly(飞) flew flown
grow(生长) grew grown
know(知道) knew known
throw(投掷) threw thrown
show(出示) showed shown
break(打破) broke broken
choose(选择) chose chosen
forget(忘记) forgot forgotten (forgot)
风云际会什么意思 speak(说,讲) spoke spoken
wake(醒) woke woken
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