◆动词的基本形式复习
一、be动词:.表示“是;在”(状态;存在)。
be动词与主语的搭配关系 | 单数 | 复数 | |||||||
一 | 二 | 三 | 一 | 二 | 三 | ||||
我 | 你 | 他 她 它 | 我们 | 你们 | 他们 | ||||
主格 | I | you | he she it | we | you | they | |||
一般现在时 | am | are | is | are | |||||
一般过去时 | was | were | was | were | |||||
完成时 | been | ||||||||
进行时 | being | ||||||||
二、行为动词:表示具体动作或抽象动作.
(一)动词的过去式和过去分词
1。 行为动词的过去式没有人称、数的变化;而be动词的过去式有变化,如上表所示.
2。动词的过去式用于一般过去时;
动词 原形 | 过去式 或过去分词 及词尾读音 | 单词含义 | |
(1)在动词原形后加-ed。 | ask call play plant need | asked[t] called[d] played[d] planted[id] needed[id] | v.问;要求;请求 v.呼叫;拜访;召集/n。 电话;呼叫;要求;访问 v.游戏;扮演;演奏;播放/n.游戏;剧本 v。种植;栽培/n。 工厂;植物; v。需要/n。 需要;必要之物 |
(2)结尾是e的动词加—d. | hope arrive use waste | hoped[t] arrived[d] used[d] wasted[id] | v.希望;期待/n。希望;信心 v。到达;达成 v.使用;利用;运用/n。使用;用途 v/n..浪费;消耗 |
(3)末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节词(X除外),先双写此辅音字母,再加—ed。 | stop beg plan permit | stopped[t] begged[d] planned[d] permitted[id] | v.停止;中断/n。停止;车站 v。乞讨;恳求 v.计划;打算/n.计划;方案;平面图 v。许可;允许/n。 许可证(licence);执照 |
(4)结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词,改y为i,再加-ed。 | study carry | studied[d] carried[d] | v/n.学习;研究;攻读 v。拿;拎;扛;携带;搬运;运载 |
(5)重读r音节结尾的动词,先双写r再加-ed. | refer prefer | referred preferred | v.参考;涉及;提到;查阅;使…求助于 v。更喜欢;宁愿 |
以上读音如下: 清辅音后读[t],如:work-worked [w老子和庄子ɜːkt] stop-stopped [stɔpt] 浊辅音和元音后读[d],如:raise—raised[reɪzd] play-played[pleid] 在[t][d]后读[id],如:hand-handed[’hændɪd] want—wanted[’wɔntɪd] 改y为i,再加-ed,读[d],如:study-studied['stʌdɪd] try-tried[traid] (注:而y之前读什么,i就读什么) | |||
过去分词用于完成时,有现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时等等。
3. 规则动词的过去式和过去分词是一样的。其变化规则如下:
4.下表为八年级第一学期需要掌握的不规则变化动词.
(该表俗称“动词三态”:原形、过去式、过去分词)
时态 形式 | 原形 | 过去式 | 过去分词 | 原形单词含义 |
AAA型 (三态皆同) | cost cut hit hurt let put read set shut spread | cost cut hit hurt let put read set shut spread | cost cut hit hurt let put read set shut spread | v。值 /n.成本 v.切割;削减 /n。切口;削减 v。 /n。打击 v。使受伤;感到疼痛 /n.痛苦 v.允许,让 v.放 v.阅读 v。树立;点燃 /n。一套;装置 v。关闭;停止营业 v。传播;散布;伸展 |
AAB型 (原形和过去式相同) | beat | beat | beaten | v.(心脏等)跳动;拍打;打(败) /n。节拍;一击 |
ABB型 (过去式及过听取蛙声一片去分词相同) | bend bring build burn buy catch deal dig feed sleep feel fight find get hang have hear hold keep kneel 太极侠电影lay(下蛋;摆放) lead lean learn leave light lose make mean meet pay say sell send shine shoot smell sit speed spell spend spin stand stick sweep swing teach tell think understand win | bent brought built burnt/burned bought caught dealt dug fed slept felt fought found(创立,创办) got hung/hanged had heard held kept knelt/kneeled laid led leaned/leant learnt/learned left lit lost made meant met paid said sold sent 儿童歌曲大全shone/shined shot smelled/smelt sat speeded/sped spelt/spelled spent spun stood stuck swept swung taught told thought understood won | bent brought built burnt/burned bought caught dealt dug fed slept felt fought found got hung/hanged had heard held kept knelt/kneeled laid led leaned/leant learnt/learned left lit lost made meant met paid said sold sent shone/shined shot smelled/smelt sat speeded/sped spelt/spelled spent spun stood stuck swept swung taught told thought understood won | v。使弯曲 v。带来;促使;引起 v.建立;建筑;建造 v。燃烧;灼伤study的过去分词 /n.灼伤;烙印 v。购买 v。赶上;抓住;感染 v.处理;做生意 /n.交易;份量 v.挖;掘 v.喂养;供给 /n。饲料;饲养 v.睡觉 /n.睡眠 v/n。感觉;触摸 v/n..打(吵)架;与…斗争 浙江高考理综v.发现;到 【found(规则变化)】 v.得到;受到(惩罚等); 到达 v。悬挂(hung);绞死(hanged) v。具有;取得 v.听到;听见 v.保持;保留;阻止 v。跪;下跪 v。下蛋;摆放;躺或位于的过去式 v。领导;指挥;导致 v。(使)倾斜;依赖 v。学习;得知;记住 v.离开;遗弃;/n。准假;假期 v.使发光;点燃/n。(日)光;灯 v。遗失;使迷路;失败;受损失 v.做;制造;制定;使成为 v。意味着;用意;/n。平均数 v。遇见;满足 v.支付;偿还 /n.薪水;付款 v.说;讲;表明;例如 v/n。销售;出卖 v.发送;派遣;发射;寄信 v。照耀(shone);擦亮(shined)/n。光泽 v.射击;杀 /n。发射;嫩芽 v.嗅;闻;发出…的气味/n。臭味 v.坐 v。急行;加速 /n。速度 v.拼写 /n。符咒 v.花费;消耗;度过 v.纺纱;吐(丝);旋转;眩晕 v.站立 /n。立场 v。粘贴;刺;伸出/n.棍棒;枝条 v。扫除;掸去/n.打扫;扫荡 v(使)摇摆;悬挂/n。摆动;秋千 v.教;当老师 v。告诉;讲述;辨别 v。想;思索;认为 v.理解;懂;领会 v。赢得;在…中获胜/n.赢;胜利 |
发。 | become come overcome run | became came overcame ran | become come overcome run | v。变为;成为;变得 v.来;到达;变为 v。克服;胜过 v/n。奔跑;经营;运转 |
ABC型 (原形,过去式,过去分词皆不同) | bear begin bite blow break choose do draw drink drive eat fall fly forget freeze give go grow hide know lie(躺;位于) ride ring rise see sew shake show sing sink speak spring steal swim take tear throw wake wear write | bore began bit blew broke chose did drew drank drove ate fell(vt弄倒;规则变) flew forgot froze gave went grew hid knew lay(下蛋;摆放) rode rang rose saw sewed shook showed sang sank spoke sprang stole swam took tore threw woke wore wrote | born/borne begun bitten blown broken chosen done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen flown forgotten frozen given gone grown hidden known lain ridden rung risen seen sewn/sewed shaken shown/showed sung sunk spoken sprung stolen swum taken torn thrown woken worn written | v.承受;结果实,生育/n。熊 v。开始;首先 v/n.咬;叮;刺痛 v/n.(风)吹;打击 v。打破;折断 /n.破裂;间断 v.选择;挑选; v.做;进行 /aux。(无含义) v。绘画;拖;招致/n.平局;抽奖 v。喝;饮;喝酒/n.酒;饮料 v.开车;猛击;推动/n。干劲 v.吃;喝(汤);腐蚀 v.跌倒;下降;/n。降落;秋天 v.飞行;过得快/n。飞行;苍蝇 v.忘记;遗落;忘了做 v.冻结;使…冻住或结冰/n。严寒时期 v。给;作;产生;举办;让步 v.走;去;进展;变得/n.尝试 v。种植;生长;发展;渐渐变得 v.隐藏;隐瞒 v。知道;认识;懂得;了解 v。躺;位于;说谎(规则变化)/n.谎言 v.骑马;乘车 v。按铃;回响;call/n。戒指;铃声 v/n.上升;增加 v.看见;理解;领会 v.缝合;缝制;缝补 v/n.动摇;震动 v/n。显示;说明;演出;展出 v。唱歌;鸣叫 v。下沉;逐渐陷入;投资 v.说话;演讲;发言 v。涌出/n。春天;弹簧;泉水 v.偷;窃取;/n。偷窃;便宜货 v.游泳;游动 v.拿;取;采取;吃;接受;获得 v。撕裂;流泪/n。撕扯;眼泪 v.投;抛;掷;丢 v.醒来;叫醒;激发 v.穿着;戴;蓄着(发、须等) v.写;写作;作曲;写信 |
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