British Museum
The British Museumis a museumof human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than seven million objects,are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its beginnings to the present.
The British Museum was established in 1753, largely based on the
collections of the physician and scientist Sir Hans Sloane. The museumfirst opened to the public on 15 January 1759 in Montagu House in Bloomsbury, on the site of the current museumbuilding. Its expansion over the following two and a half centuries was largely a result of an expanding British colonial footprint and has resulted in the creation of several branch institutions, the first being the British Museum(Natural History) in South Kensington in 1887. Someobjects in the collection, most notably the Elgin Marbles from the Parthenon, are the objects of intense controversy and of calls for restitution to their countries of origin.
Until 1997, when the British Library (previously centred on the Round Reading Room) moved to a new site, the British Museum was unique in that it housed both a national museum of antiquities and a national library in the same building. The museum is a non-departmental public body sponsored by the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, and as with all other
national museums in the United Kingdom it charges no admission fee. Since 2002 the director of the museum has been Neil MacGregor.
History
Sir Hans Sloane, founder of the British Museum
Although principally a museumof cultural art objects and antiquities today, the British Museum was founded as a "universal museum". Its foundations lie in the will of the physician and naturalist Sir Hans Sloane (1660 - 1753). During the course of his lifetime Sloane gathered an enviable collection of curiosities and, not wishing to see his collection
broken up after death, he bequeathed it to King George II, for the nation, for the princely sum of £ 20,000.
At that time, Sloane's collection consisted of around 71,000 objects of all kinds[8] including some 40,000 printed books, 7,000 manuscripts, extensive natural history specimens including 337 volumes of dried plants, prints and drawings including    those by Albrecht Durer and antiquities    from
Egypt, Greece, Rome, the Ancient Near and Far East and the Americas.
Foundation (1753)On 7 June 1753, King George II gave his formal assent to the Act of Parliament which established the British Museum.The
Foundation Act, added two other libraries to the Sloane collection. The Cottonian Library, assembled by Sir Robert Cotton, dated back to
Elizabethan times and the Harleian library, the collection of the Earls of Oxford. They were joined in 1757 by the Royal Library, assembled by various British monarchs. Togeth
er these four "foundation collections" included many of the most treasured books now in the British Library including the Lindisfarne Gospels and the sole surviving copy of Beowulf.
The British Museum was the first of a new kind of museum    — n ati on al,
belonging to neither church nor king, freely open to the public and aiming to collect everything. Sloane's collection, whilst including a vast miscellany of objects, tended to reflect his scientific interests. The addition of the Cotton and Harley manuscripts introduced a literary and antiquarian element and meant that the British Museum now became both national museum and library.
大英博物馆 (British Museum) 又称不列颠博物馆，是一位于英国伦敦的综合 博物馆，也是世界上规模最大、最着名的博物馆之一，成立于 1753 年。目前博物 馆拥有藏品 1300 多万件。由于空间的限制，目前还有大批藏品未能公开展出。博 物馆在 1759年 1月 15连横合纵日起正式对公众开放。
历史：
大英博物馆的渊源最早可追溯到    1753年。汉斯•斯隆(Hans Sloane 1660-1753
年)爵士是当时的一位着名收藏家， 1753年他去世后遗留下来的个人藏品达 1700
四海八荒什么意思
件，还有大批植物标本及书籍、手稿。根据他的遗嘱，所有藏品都捐赠给国家
这些藏品最后被交给了英国国会。在通过公众募款筹集建筑博物馆的资金后，大 英博物馆最终于 寂地1759年 1月 15日在伦敦市区附近的蒙塔古大楼 (Montague Building) 成立并对公众开放。
博物馆在开放后通过英国人在各地的各种活动攫取了大批珍贵藏品，早期的 大英博物馆倾向于收集自然历史标本，但也有大量文物、书籍，因此吸引了大批 参观者。到了 19 世纪初，蒙塔古大楼已经显得不敷使用了。于是 苹果笔记本哪款好1824年博物馆 决定在蒙塔古大楼北面建造一座新馆，并在 1840 年代完成，旧蒙塔古大楼不久后 便被拆除。新馆建成后不久又在院子里建了对公众开放的圆形阅览室。
由于空间的限制， 1880 年大英博物馆将自然历史标本与考古文物分离，大英 博物馆专门收集考古文物。 质量安全1900 卡通头像 女生年，博物馆再次重新划分，将书籍、手稿等内容 分离组成新的大英
图书馆。
简介：
大中庭 (Great Court) 位于大英博物馆中心，于 2000 年 12 月建成开放，目前 是欧洲最大的有顶广场。广场的顶部是用 2436 块三角形的玻璃片组成的。广场中 央为大英博物馆的阅览室，对公众开放。
大英博物馆历史上除了 1972 年的几个月外，一直都是免费对公众开放。 2002 年博物馆面临了严重的财政危机，由于馆员抗议裁员，博物馆甚至被迫关闭了几 天。几个星期后，一个希腊雕像失窃，主要原因是保安人员的缺乏。