表否定意义的常用前缀:
dis-, in- ir- im
il-, mis- non-
im-, un- ab-
en-使 co-共同 re- 再,又
dis-不,相反 il用于字母l前 ir用于字母r,e前 im用于字母m,b,p前
表否定后缀:-less
-tion动作、过程 -ian精通...的人, -ist专业人员,
-ment性质、状态, -ness性质、状态 -ce
表数词后缀:-teen(十几),-ty(几十),-th(构成序数词)
表形容词后缀:-al,-able有能力的人,-(a)n某国人的,-en多用于表材料的名词后
-ern方向的,-ese某国人的,-ful,-(ic)al,-ish,-ent ,-ic
-ive带有“属性,倾向相 关”含义,-less表否定,-like像...的,-ly,-ious
-some,-y表天气 -ent, -ing,-ous危险的
词形变化:
ible/able结尾变名词——ibility/ability
ation结尾变动词把ion变成e
以-ly结尾时前面单词是形容词时表副词,以ly结尾前面单词是名词时表形容词
tion结尾变动词为tive
以-ic结尾形容词变副词加ally
以e结尾变副词去e加y
-ent变名词ence/ency
词性规律:
副词修饰动词或形容词 只有副词才能用逗号和主句隔开,而且副词在句首、句末均可
形容词前加副词
名词可修饰名词
another后加名词
介词后加名词或代词
more后加形容词或副词
be后加形容词
动词+ed经常形容词化
物主代词+n.
adv.+v. or adj. adj.+n. adj.+n.+prep. adj.+adj.+n.
and 前后一致 there be/not…but/not only…but also/either…or/neither…nor就近原则
be+adj.+prep. prep.+n.+prep. prep.+v.ing prep.+n. or pron.代词
it is +adj.+to do to+v. art.+n.+prep. art.+adj.
Don’t+v. v.+adv.+v.
no+n. not+n. or adj. or v.
系动词+adj. be,become动词+adj. or n. 被动态
系动词:be look sound smell feel turn grow become seem taste remain get
助动词be doing
have doing
助动词+副词+实义动词
被动态中的助动词be
进行时的助动词be
表示完成时态的have has had(过去完成)
表示将来时态的will shall would should +adv.
情态动词 can could
may might ought to
must need dare
(1)情态动词+动词完成式: must have done
(2)情态动词+动词进行式: must be doing
(3)情态动词+动词完成进行式: must have been doing
有“名”则"形“,无“名”则“名”。
意思是:后面是名词的话,前面就要用 形容词性物主代词。后面没有名词的话,就用名词性物主代词。
常用后缀
名词后缀 | age, ance,ence, er,or, hood, ion,tion,ation, ian, ist, ment, ness, ology, ship, ty,ity ant,ee,ese,ics,ing,sion,th,ure er,or,ist,ee,ian,ese,ant等用于构成表示人或物的名称 例如:thinker,translator,physicist,employee,italian,japanese,assistant ance,ence,(a)tion,sion,ics,ing,ity,ment,ness,th,ty,ure,ship等用于构成表示行为、性质、状态等抽象名词 例如:acceptance,dependence,repetition,discussion,physics(物理学),building(建筑物),reality(现实),argument,hardness,warmth,penalty(惩罚),failure,friendship |
动词后缀 | 诗集 en, fy,ify ize,ise 例如:widen,verify(证实),modify(修饰),realise(实现) ish, ate 例如:finish,abolish(废除,取消),diminish(减少,缩小),establish,separate(分开,分离),operate,indicate(表明,象征,预示) |
形容词后缀 | able,ible,ble, al , ful, ic,ical, ish, ive, less, tly,ly, ous, some, y an,ant,ent, ary,en, tive 例如:available,responsible,natural,powerful,faithful,俱乐部用英语怎么说historic,scientific,环保科普selfish,deceive,fearless(无畏的),friendly,continuous,troublesome,thirsty(口渴的),consistent(一贯的),imaginary,wooden,dependent,significant |
形容词前缀 | im,un,in,ir,dis, anti-, auto-, bi-, co-, counter-, de-, ex-, inter-, mono-, post, pre-, pro-, re-, sub-, super-, trans-, tri-, ultra- |
副词后缀 | ly, ward(s), wise 例如:completely,regularly(定期地),afterward,likewise |
词形转换
adj. | adv. | n. | v. |
ic | +ally | ||
去lly+te变ate | ally | ||
ous | 去ous换ge | ing | |
ous | 去ous变ety | 去ous+y | |
+al | ray | ||
ty | ize | ||
去y+ic变gic | 去y+ally变gally | gy | |
ful | +ly | ||
(a)tive | (a)tion | 去掉ion +e ate | |
ally | ate | ||
去掉n +us 变成ous | tion | ||
sive | sion | ||
inspring | inspiration | inspire | |
al | +ly | ||
ent | 去ent换ence,ency | ||
ant | 去ant换ance,ancy | ||
ant[immigrant] | tion[immigration] | ate[immigrate] | |
able | ability | ||
ible | ibility | ||
less 鱼怎么画简单又漂亮 | 去less | ||
ification | ify | ||
suit | sue[pursue] | ||
ism-ist(terrorism) | |||
ary | arily | ity | |
cal | cally | city | |
f | 去f +ive | ||
名词转换为形容词:n.-adj.
1.名词+ful careful helpful useful
2.名词+ly friendly manly brotherly
3.名词+y sunny windy healthy noisey lucky snowy
4.名词+ing interesting
5.名词+n American Canadian Australian
6.名词+ern southern northern
7.名词+ous dangerous famous
8.名词+en woolen
动词转化为名词:v.-n.
1.动词+tion operation invention
2.动词+er worker singer teacher writer speaker player runner winner
3.动词+or visitor
4.动词+ing building turning washing waiting
动词变转化为形容词:v.-adj.
1.动词+ed
2.动词+ing
分词作状语时,考虑动词和主语关系:主谓ing 动宾ed
adv.表示副词
prep.表示介词
vi.不及物动词 appear come go get fall feel眼睛的英文
keep look make prove remain rest
rise seem stand stay turn
turn out
vt.及物动词
其他有:
prep = 介系词;前置词,preposition的缩写 in at on with to from before after of for
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